Decisions · 480 U.S. 421 (1987)

INS v. Cardoza-Fonseca

The Supreme Court held that asylum’s well-founded-fear standard is different from the higher probability standard for withholding of deportation. This historical distinction does not guarantee either form of protection.

Published:

Scope and purpose

The Court rejected requiring an asylum applicant to show persecution was more likely than not. It interpreted the statutory distinction between discretionary asylum and withholding, rather than granting every applicant relief.

Related rules and practical context

Read the opinion with INA §208 and the withholding provisions of INA §241. Form I-589 can involve different protection requests; eligibility, bars, evidence and later governing authority require separate analysis.

Primary sources

General reference information, not legal advice. A summary does not replace the statute or full decision. Check applicability and subsequent developments before filing. Publication does not imply attorney legal review or create an attorney-client relationship.

Frequently asked questions

What is INS v. Cardoza-Fonseca?

The Supreme Court held that asylum’s well-founded-fear standard is different from the higher probability standard for withholding of deportation. This historical distinction does not guarantee either form of protection.

What should I check before relying on this information?

Read the opinion with INA §208 and the withholding provisions of INA §241. Form I-589 can involve different protection requests; eligibility, bars, evidence and later governing authority require separate analysis.

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